reproductive

female






the menstration cycle






the male system






and the testes

urinary

urine is made in the kidneys.






in the cortex of the kidney is a nephron.






this complex system is what creates the tiniest droplet of urine. there are thousands of nephrons in a kidney. Its chief function is to regulate water and soluble substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.

the urine is collected in collecting ducts. then leads to the papilla, the calyxes, the renal pelvis, into the bladder via the ureter.

once the bladder is full, its time to hit the bathroom.

circulatory

this is a kind of basic cartoony picture of the circulatory system.






here is another pic of arteries






lots to memorize once again. but i'm learning much about the human body. its interested to see how blood brings oxygen throughout our bodies.

it starts with the conduction system in the heart.






from the sa node the electrical impulse travels to the av node through the internodal pathway.
then to the bundle of his, followed by the right and left bundle branches. after that the impulse contracts the purkinje cells of the ventricular myocardium. finally the moderator bands relay the message to the papillary muscles.

and the blood flows through the body.

Pig heart.

it was strange taking off the lungs from the heart. i'd like to dissect the lungs after we are done with the heart. it took me a while to accept the fact that i'm dissecting these animals. now i find it really interesting.

heres a pic of a pig heart.






its not very detailed.

heres a cross section:






we also have 15 terms to know and love

Trabeculae Carnae
Pectinate
Chordae Tendinae
Papillary
Brachiocephalic
Myocardium
Circumflex
Eustachian Valve
Sinus of Valsalvia
Tricuspid Valve
Mitral Valve
Great Cardiac Vein
Middle Cardiac Vein
Left Anterior Descending Artery
Posterior Descending Artery

fun fun

more muscles

more cat muscles!!! we had to dissect these

Tibialis Cranialis
Popliteus
Tibialis caudalis
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Pyriformis











had trouble finding good pics of the cats again, but oh well.

Muscles:












it was interesting to learn how the muscles contract. i didnt realize the filaments actually slide past each other.

muscles

AHHH

actions, origins and insertions of all of these muscles. finding time to study all of these is the real problem. im making flash cards tonight.

i need them for

semispinalis capitis
semispinalis cervicis
Rhomboideus cervicis and thoracis
Rhomboideus capitis
Longissimus capitis
Longissimus dorsi
Spinalis dorsi
Longus colli
Multifidus spinae
Iliocostalis
Splenius

hopefully i'll do well

thats a sheep brain. i found this pic that is colored.

and a superior view;






the test is coming up. im pretty nervous. i didnt do to well on the last one.

cats

we started cutting up the cats.






this pic is kind of bad. they didnt do a very good job. but you kind of get the idea.

we had to identify facial and neck muscles.

heres a pic






i found another pic that isnt very good, but i think the art is funny:






anyways we had to find muscles like the

orbicularis oculi
masseter
Lavator Labii Superioris
Buccinator
Occipitalis

and a few others.

we also had to look at the neck muscles.






the book has a ton of really good photos.

bone

ive been outlining the chapters for my own use.

the major functions of bone are:

1. Support
2. storage of minerals
3. blood cell production
4. protection
5. leverage

collagen fibers within the bone give strength and flexability.

osteocytes are mature bone cells. they maintain & monitor protein and mineral content in the matrix.

lacunae are sandwiched between layers of calcified matrix
lamellae are the matrix layers
canaliculi are channels through the matrix

osteoblasts produce new bone, when surrounded by matrix they become osteocytes.

there are 2 types of bone.

spongy bone and compact bone

compact bone is dense and solid.

spongy bone is a network of struts and plates.

here is the front part of the skull.






there are many minute parts to the skull. all of the foramen and fossa are going to be difficult to memorize. not to mention the many separate bones.

here is the inside of a skull, which we will be learning in the next week or two.






we also skinned a cat. it's hard to get in the mindset of having to dissect this cat. i'm a vegetarian. i'm kins of conflicted about the whole idea, but i know that i have to do i. and i think this will be the best way to learn. hands on always teaches me the most.

day 2

we went over some cellular structures in class. i have a few pics.


this is a simple squamous:






stratified squamous:





simple columnar:





and the cuboidal:

test run

yesterday was the first day of class. i'm a bit nervous about it. it seems like it will be a lot of information. the syllabus is pretty simple.

i know james fairly well, im sure he'll be a big help in the class. i've never had to blog for a class i hope i can keep it up all semester.